It's a scenario that can strike fear into the hearts of many: a sudden, severe allergic reaction, known as anaphylaxis. The numbers are stark – over 25,000 hospital admissions in England for allergies and anaphylaxis in 2022-23, more than doubling in the last two decades. This isn't just a statistic; it's a growing reality that underscores the critical importance of knowing how to respond when anaphylaxis strikes.
Anaphylaxis can be terrifying, developing rapidly and potentially being fatal. It's not just for those with known severe allergies; it can happen to anyone, at any age, and often without warning. The key takeaway from recent guidance is that immediate action can truly be the difference between life and death.
So, what do you do? The advice is clear and actionable, designed to be remembered even in a moment of panic.
The Crucial First Step: Adrenaline Auto-Injectors (AAIs)
If you suspect anaphylaxis – and the signs can include swelling of the throat or tongue, wheezing, breathing difficulties, dizziness, tiredness, or confusion – the absolute priority is to use your adrenaline auto-injector (AAI) without delay. Don't hesitate. If you're in doubt, use it. These devices, often known by brand names like Epi-Pen or Jext, are prescribed to those at risk and are designed for quick, easy administration.
Immediate Medical Help is Essential
As soon as the AAI is administered, or if you're helping someone else, the next vital step is to dial 999. Clearly state that you suspect anaphylaxis. This ensures the emergency services understand the urgency and nature of the situation.
Positioning for Recovery
If the person is not already lying down, help them to do so. The recommendation is to lie flat and raise their legs. This simple action helps to improve blood flow to the heart and vital organs. For pregnant individuals, lying on their left side is advised. Crucially, they should remain in this position, even if they start to feel better.
When to Use a Second Dose
It's essential to carry two AAIs at all times, and to regularly check their expiry dates. If there's no improvement or symptoms worsen after five minutes, use the second AAI. This is why having two is so important – it provides a crucial backup.
Preparation is Key
This isn't just about knowing what to do in the moment; it's also about being prepared. People at risk should always carry their AAIs, ensure they know how to use the specific brand prescribed to them, and keep them accessible. Keeping the guidance handy – whether at home, work, or when travelling – can provide the confidence needed to act decisively.
As one advocate shared, having experienced a severe reaction firsthand, the terror is real. But knowing the steps, and having others around who know them too, can significantly reduce the severity of consequences and prevent unnecessary hospitalisations. It’s a shared responsibility, and being informed can genuinely save a life.
