It's a topic many shy away from, but understanding what genital warts look like is crucial for health and well-being. Caused by the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), these are one of the most common sexually transmitted infections globally, and certainly in places like Fiji.
When we talk about HPV, it's important to remember there are over 100 different types. Some of these are quite happy to hang out on our hands or feet, but others have a preference for our genital areas – around the bum, penis, or vagina. And yes, both men and women can be affected.
So, what exactly are we looking for? Because there are so many variations of HPV, genital warts don't have a single, uniform appearance. Think of them as lumps or bumps on the skin. They might be raised or flat, small or large. You could have just one, or many that decide to clump together, sometimes forming a shape that reminds people of a cauliflower. They're not always obvious to the naked eye, either; they can sometimes be found inside the vagina or anus. And here's a key point: sometimes, the virus doesn't cause any visible warts at all, meaning many people might not even know they have it.
This lack of visible signs can be a bit unsettling, but it's why awareness and regular check-ups are so important. If left untreated, HPV can unfortunately lead to more serious health issues, including certain types of cancer, such as cervical and anogenital cancers. This is why for women who have been sexually active, regular Pap smears are highly recommended – they can catch changes in the cervix that might indicate HPV infection before it becomes a problem.
How does this virus spread? Primarily through skin-to-skin contact, or during sexual activity – vaginal, anal, or oral sex – if a condom isn't used correctly. While condoms offer a good layer of protection, it's worth noting that the virus can sometimes be present on skin areas not covered by the condom, so infection is still possible.
If you're wondering whether you might have genital warts, it's a good idea to see a doctor if you notice any unusual growths, bumps, or skin changes around your genital or anal areas. These growths are often painless and flesh-coloured. While warts are typically painless, any unusual itching, pain, or bleeding in the area warrants a check-up. And of course, if a sexual partner tells you they have genital warts, it's wise to get yourself checked out too.
Treatment options are available, often involving creams or ointments applied directly to the warts. Sometimes, other treatments might be necessary, and these can be discussed with your doctor or a sexual health nurse. It's important to be patient with treatment, as it can take time and multiple visits. Interestingly, sometimes the body's own immune system can clear the warts, especially if you're leading a healthy lifestyle with good nutrition and adequate sleep.
Taking responsibility for your sexual health also means informing past partners if you are diagnosed with HPV, so they can also get tested and treated if needed. And for everyone, practicing safe sex is the best defence. This includes using condoms consistently and correctly with water-based lubricants, being faithful to a partner who is also faithful, or choosing non-penetrative forms of intimacy. Regular medical check-ups are also a smart move if you're sexually active.
Ultimately, understanding what genital warts look like, how they spread, and what to do if you suspect you have them empowers you to make informed decisions about your health.