Technical White Paper on Icaridin (Hydroxyethyl Piperidine Carboxylate)
1. Product Overview and Characteristics
Icaridin, chemically known as 2-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid n-butyl ester (CAS No: 119515-38-7), is a highly effective and safe insect repellent compound. This substance appears as a colorless, transparent viscous liquid with excellent solubility properties, being completely soluble in water without causing irritation. As a new generation of active ingredients for insect repellents, Icaridin exhibits significant advantages in both physicochemical properties and user experience.
From the molecular structure perspective, Icaridin belongs to piperidine derivatives that contain two key functional groups: hydroxyl and ester groups. This unique structural design allows it to maintain good skin compatibility while possessing ideal volatility control capabilities. Compared to traditional DEET (N,N-Diethyl-3-methylbenzamide), Icaridin shows remarkable improvements in molecular stability, environmental compatibility, and safety during use.
2. WHO Authoritative Certification
In February 2001, the World Health Organization (WHO) conducted a comprehensive evaluation of Icaridin and issued an official assessment opinion based on extensive laboratory data and clinical research results affirming its performance across various aspects. Specifically, WHO's evaluation includes five important areas:
First, regarding material compatibility, Icaridin demonstrates excellent stability; whether used alone or as part of a formulation component, it does not damage common household materials such as plastics, building coatings, metal decorative materials or various paint surfaces. This characteristic makes it particularly suitable for developing indoor insect prevention products.
Second is its efficacy against insects; under normal temperature conditions at room temperature testing showed that Icaridin exhibited outstanding repellent effects against multiple mosquito species responsible for malaria transmission—its efficiency significantly surpasses traditional DEET products especially when tested against Anopheles mosquitoes prevalent in tropical regions.
Thirdly concerning dosage application duration recommended by manufacturers suggests applying at 0.3mg/cm² which provides up to six-seven hours continuous protection maintaining over ninety-five percent effectiveness—a notable improvement compared with DEET-based products making it an ideal choice for preventing vector-borne diseases like malaria.
Fourthly regarding application prospects; WHO specifically pointed out potential applications within treated textiles such as mosquito nets & clothing due to stable chemical nature combined with favorable material compatibilities conducive towards long-lasting protective fabrics development efforts ahead!
Lastly about safety measures confirmed by WHO declaring this ingredient harmless/effective upon human exposure after rigorous toxicological assessments ensuring no adverse reactions occur even at suggested usage concentrations! ... [Content truncated] ... after vacuum distillation yields high purity product meeting pharmaceutical-grade standards efficiently satisfying industrial production needs!