It's a question that pops into mind when you see one of these peculiar, armored creatures shuffling through the undergrowth: do armadillos bite humans? The image of their bony plates and sharp claws might conjure up a defensive, even aggressive, animal. But the reality, as with many things in nature, is a bit more nuanced.
When you encounter an armadillo, especially in its natural habitat, the first thing to remember is that they're generally not looking for trouble. These fascinating animals, descendants of ancient lineages that once included giants like the glyptodonts (imagine an armadillo the size of a small car!), are primarily focused on their own business: digging for insects and other tasty morsels. Their world revolves around their powerful claws, which are excellent for excavating burrows and unearthing food, and their distinctive, jointed armor, known as a carapace, which offers protection.
So, about that bite. While armadillos can bite, it's not something they typically do to humans. The reference material I've looked at suggests they "normally do not try to bite." Think of it this way: a bite is usually a last resort, a defensive measure when they feel truly threatened or cornered. Their primary defense mechanism is to curl up into a ball (though not all species can do this effectively) or to make a quick escape, often by digging rapidly into the ground.
However, it's always wise to exercise caution around any wild animal. Armadillos do possess strong claws, and while they might not aim for your hand, a defensive scratch is certainly a possibility if you try to handle one without proper precautions. This is why, when handling them for research or veterinary purposes, professionals often recommend using gloves to avoid potential scratches and, yes, bites. Holding them by the tail is also sometimes mentioned, but this can be quite traumatic for the animal and even lead to injury, so it's generally advised against.
It's interesting to consider their evolutionary journey. From massive prehistoric forms weighing up to 200 kg, like Eutatus seguini or the pampatheres, to the smaller, more familiar species we see today (the giant armadillo, Priodontes maximus, is still a hefty 59 kg!), they've adapted and survived. Their presence in the Americas, from ancient times to the present, speaks to their resilience. And while you might not find them in your backyard in Canada (unless you're very far south!), encountering one in places like Texas, as one writer recalls, is a memorable experience.
Ultimately, if you see an armadillo, the best approach is to admire it from a distance. They are remarkable creatures, perfectly equipped for their ecological niche. A bite is unlikely unless you provoke or threaten one, but respecting their space and understanding their natural behaviors will ensure a safe and pleasant encounter for both you and the armadillo.