Characteristics and Application Research of Mitochondrial Fluorescent Probe Mito-Tracker Red (167095-09-2)
Chemical Structure and Fluorescent Properties
Mito-Tracker Red (167095-09-2) is a fluorescent labeling reagent with a unique molecular structure, its chemical name being C32H32Cl2N2O, with a molecular weight of 531.52. The core feature of this compound lies in the chloromethyl reactive group contained within its molecular structure, which grants the dye the ability to covalently bind with biomolecules. Chemically, this dye typically exists stably as chloromethyl derivatives; this structural design allows it to specifically undergo Michael addition reactions with thiol groups inside mitochondria, particularly forming stable covalent bonds with compounds containing sulfhydryl groups like glutathione.
In terms of optical properties, Mito-Tracker Red exhibits typical red fluorescence characteristics. Its excitation spectrum ranges from 550 to 600 nm, with an optimal excitation wavelength (ex) at 599 nm; the emission spectrum range is between 600 and 650 nm, peaking at an emission wavelength (em) of 579 nm. This long-wavelength fluorescence characteristic makes it especially suitable for multicolor labeling experiments by effectively avoiding signal overlap with other common fluorescent dyes. Notably, this dye has a high quantum yield for fluorescence and can produce sufficiently strong signals for microscopic observation under appropriate experimental conditions.
Physical Properties and Storage Conditions
Mito-Tracker Red appears as brown to black solid powder at room temperature; this appearance closely relates to its complex conjugated molecular structure. The compound shows good solubility in most organic solvents but is particularly soluble in polar organic solvents such as DMSO and DMF, facilitating the preparation of working solutions. According to technical parameters provided by suppliers, commercial products usually have purity standards not lower than 95%, which suffices for most research applications.
Regarding storage conditions, Mito-Tracker Red is sensitive to light, heat, and humidity. Recommended long-term storage conditions are below -20°C in a frozen state that is dry and protected from light exposure. It should be noted that solutions containing this dye should avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles; small aliquots are recommended for preservation purposes. During actual use processes follow the principle of 'prepare when needed,' where prepared working solutions should not be stored for extended periods due to potential degradation affecting labeling effectiveness.
Experimental Applications and Operational Points
In cell biology research, Mito-Tracker Red primarily serves as a specific marker for mitochondria in live cells. Its standard staining process typically takes only about 15–30 minutes—this rapid marking characteristic makes it an ideal tool for dynamically observing mitochondrial morphological changes. Staining concentrations need optimization based on specific experimental systems; conventional working concentration ranges suggest keeping between 50–200 nM since excessively high concentrations may lead not only to nonspecific staining but also cellular toxicity due to dye aggregation.
Particular attention must be paid regarding photostability issues during operation: prolonged exposure will cause photobleaching phenomena leading gradually diminishing fluorescence signals over time during imaging sessions; thus measures such as strictly controlling exposure times or using anti-fluorescence quenching agents or low-intensity illumination during imaging are advisable practices aimed towards achieving optimal imaging results while maintaining sample integrity throughout experimentation phases where temperatures around (37^{circ}C) are generally recommended so cells remain physiologically sound during staining procedures too!
Related Products & Technical Comparisons
Within fluorescent labeling reagents' domain counterparts similar functionalities exist alongside those offered through Texas Red series dyes/Alexa Fluor647 etc., despite differences present among their respective excitation/emission wavelengths they all share traits indicative favoring longer-wave fluorescences applicable across multi-color tagging scenarios! Particularly noteworthy include newer fluorescent agents like BDP630/650 carboxylic acid(2183512–02–7)/CalibroFluor610carboxylicacid showcasing superior stability/lower cytotoxicity across certain specialized applications encountered frequently nowadays! From technological advancement perspectives seen recently indicates trends moving towards higher stabilities/lower toxicities/longer-lasting fluorophore lifetimes becoming increasingly prevalent amongst emerging technologies designed enhancing resistance against photo bleaching effects through innovative designs incorporating water-soluble moieties improving biocompatibility overall providing more opportunities facilitating dynamic observations concerning organelles along sustained live-cell imagings capabilities too! ### Safety Precautions & Applicable Scope It’s crucial emphasizing herewith that both ‘Mitos TrackerRed’ alongside associated items exclusively serve scientific/research endeavors prohibiting usages relating medical diagnostics/food additives altogether! Proper protective measures ought ensuring personal safety implemented whenever handling occurs including wearing gloves/goggles adhering prescribed protocols safeguarding individuals involved directly managing these substances responsibly ensuring environmental considerations addressed accordingly whilst disposing any waste generated post-experimentation complying established regulations surrounding hazardous materials disposal techniques adopted routinely followed suit thereafter taking into account risks posed potentially arising contact incidents requiring immediate rinsing copiously utilizing ample amounts clean water available immediately following encounters witnessed respectively observed therein contextually speaking overall balance achieved successfully maintained hereupon establishing safe environments conducive fostering effective workflows advancing knowledge further exploring biological realms deeper ultimately driving innovation forward continuously pursuing excellence tirelessly evermore!! ### Supplier Information & Product Specifications Commercially supplied versions offer various packaging options ranging notably spanning sizes inclusive five milligrams ten milligrams twenty-five milligrams accommodating diverse scales demanded within laboratory settings presently found chiefly sourced via prominent vendors operating locally exemplified by Shaanxi Xinyan Bomei Biotechnology Co.Ltd offering comprehensive product documentation detailing specifications certifying quality assurance thereby instilling confidence among researchers seeking reliable supplies meeting stringent criteria upheld industry-wide expectations set forth regularly observed throughout procurement processes undertaken diligently pursued incessantly striving attain utmost satisfaction derived customers served consistently well without fail!!!